Go の句動詞をまなびたい！Go away、 Go over、 Go up
Go の句動詞をまなびたいよ！
英語の句動詞（Phrasal Verbs）は、動詞に前置詞や副詞（またはその両方）が組み合わさって、新しい意味を作り出す表現。句動詞は日常会話やカジュアルな文章でよく使われ、ネイティブスピーカーにとっては自然な響きがある。ただし、その意味が単語の組み合わせから直感的に推測しにくい場合もあるため、学習者にとっては覚えるのが少し難しい部分もある。
句動詞の特徴：
- 意味の多様性: 同じ動詞でも、付く前置詞や副詞によって意味が大きく変わる（例: “come up” = 出てくる、”come down” = 下がる）。
- 分離可能性: 他動詞の場合、目的語が句動詞の間に挟まるか後ろにくるかで文法が変わることがある（例: “pick up the book” または “pick it up”）。
- 文脈依存: 状況や文脈によって意味が異なる場合がある。
① 分離可能な句動詞 (Separable Phrasal Verbs)
目的語を間に挟める（例: “go it over”）
go over
何かを詳しく調べる、確認する、または超えることを意味する。目的語を間に挟める（例: “go it over”）。同義語: review, examine, exceed。
“She went over the report before the meeting.”
(彼女は会議前に報告書を詳しく調べた。)
“We need to go over these numbers again.”
(これらの数字をもう一度確認する必要がある。)
“He went over the speed limit by accident.”
(彼はうっかり制限速度を超えてしまった。)
“They went over the plan with the team.”
(彼らはチームと一緒に計画を見直した。)
“The kids went over the fence to get the ball.”
(子供たちはボールを取るために柵を越えた。)
Go through
何かを経験する、調べる、または使い切ることを意味する。目的語を間に挟める（例: “go it through”）。同義語: experience, check, use up。
“She went through a tough breakup last year.”
(彼女は昨年、つらい別れを経験した。)
“He went through the documents carefully.”
(彼は書類を注意深く調べた。)
“We went through all the snacks in an hour.”
(私たちは1時間ですべてのお菓子を食べ尽くした。)
“They went through the procedure step by step.”
(彼らは手順を一つずつ確認した。)
“The proposal went through many revisions.”
(その提案は何度も修正された。)
Go off
爆発する、鳴る、または腐ることを意味するが、目的語を取る用法では「消す」「始める」も含む。目的語を間に挟める（例: “go it off”）。同義語: explode, sound, spoil, turn off。
“The bomb went off in the distance.”
(爆弾が遠くで爆発した。)
“The alarm went off at 6 a.m.”
(アラームが朝6時に鳴った。)
“The milk went off after a week.”
(牛乳は1週間後に腐った。)
“She went off the lights before leaving.”
(彼女は出かける前に明かりを消した。)
“He went off the project after losing interest.”
(彼は興味を失った後にプロジェクトから離れた。)
Go out
外出する、消える、または交際することを意味するが、目的語を取る用法では「取り除く」も含む。目的語を間に挟める（例: “go it out”）。同義語: leave, extinguish, date, remove。
“We went out for dinner last night.”
(私たちは昨夜、夕食に出かけた。)
“The fire went out after an hour.”
(火は1時間後に消えた。)
“They’ve been going out for six months.”
(彼らは6ヶ月間付き合っている。)
“She went out the stain with some soap.”
(彼女は石鹸で汚れを取り除いた。)
“He went out the old rules to start fresh.”
(彼は古いルールを廃して新しく始めた。)
② 分離不可能な句動詞 (Inseparable Phrasal Verbs)
Go after
何かを追い求める、または攻撃することを意味する。目的語を間に挟めない。同義語: pursue, chase, attack。
“She went after her dream job.”
(彼女は夢の仕事を目指して頑張った。)
“He went after the thief down the street.”
(彼は通りで泥棒を追いかけた。)
“They went after the rival team with full force.”
(彼らはライバルチームを全力で攻撃した。)
Go against
何かに反対する、または不利になることを意味する。目的語を間に挟めない。同義語: oppose, contradict。
“He went against his parents’ advice.”
(彼は両親の忠告に逆らった。)
“This decision goes against our values.”
(この決定は私たちの価値観に反する。)
“Luck went against them in the game.”
(運は試合で彼らに味方しなかった。)
Go by
時間が過ぎる、または何かに基づくことを意味する。目的語を間に挟めない。同義語: pass, rely on。
“Time goes by so quickly these days.”
(最近、時間がとても早く過ぎる。)
“She goes by her instincts in tough situations.”
(彼女は難しい状況では直感に従う。)
“We went by the rules they set.”
(私たちは彼らが決めたルールに従った。)
Go with
何かに合う、または一緒に行くことを意味する。目的語を間に挟めない。同義語: match, accompany。
“This shirt goes with those pants.”
(このシャツはあのズボンに合うよ。)
“I’ll go with you to the party.”
(パーティーに一緒に行くよ。)
“She went with his suggestion in the end.”
(彼女は結局彼の提案に従った。)
Go without
何かがなくても我慢する、なしで済ますことを意味する。目的語を間に挟めない。同義語: do without, manage without。
“We went without food for a whole day.”
(私たちは丸一日食べ物なしで過ごした。)
“He can’t go without his morning coffee.”
(彼は朝のコーヒーなしでは我慢できない。)
“They went without help during the crisis.”
(彼らは危機の間、助けなしで頑張った。)
③ 自動詞型の句動詞 (Intransitive Phrasal Verbs)
Go up
上昇する、増える、または近づくことを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: rise, increase, approach。
“Prices went up after the new year.”
(新年後に物価が上がった。)
“The balloon went up into the sky.”
(風船が空に上がった。)
“She went up to the stage nervously.”
(彼女は緊張しながらステージに近づいた。)
Go down
下がる、沈む、または評判が落ちることを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: fall, sink, decline。
“The temperature went down overnight.”
(気温が一晩で下がった。)
“The ship went down in the storm.”
(船は嵐で沈んだ。)
“His reputation went down after the scandal.”
(彼の評判はスキャンダル後に落ちた。)
Go on
続ける、起こる、または進むことを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: continue, happen, proceed。意味が多いため例文を5つ。
“She went on talking despite the interruption.”
(彼女は中断されても話し続けた。)
“What’s going on over there?”
(あそこで何が起こっているの？)
“He went on to win the championship.”
(彼はその後チャンピオンシップに勝った。)
“The show must go on no matter what.”
(何があってもショーは続けなければならない。)
“They went on until midnight.”
(彼らは深夜まで続けた。)
Go back
戻る、または過去に遡ることを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: return, revert。
“We went back home after the party.”
(私たちはパーティーの後に家に戻った。)
“This tradition goes back centuries.”
(この伝統は何世紀も前に遡る。)
“She went back to sleep after the call.”
(彼女は電話の後にまた眠った。)
Go away
去る、消えることを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: leave, disappear。
“He went away for the weekend.”
(彼は週末に出かけた。)
“The pain went away after a while.”
(痛みはしばらくして消えた。)
“They told the dog to go away.”
(彼らは犬に立ち去るよう言った。)
Go around
回る、広がる、または十分あることを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: circulate, spread, suffice。
“We went around the park this morning.”
(今朝、公園を回った。)
“Rumors are going around about the new boss.”
(新しい上司についての噂が広がっている。)
“There’s enough food to go around.”
(食べ物はみんなに十分行き渡るよ。)
Go about
何かに取り組む、または動き回ることを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: handle, move around。
“How do you go about fixing this?”
(これをどうやって直すの？)
“She went about her work quietly.”
(彼女は静かに仕事に取り組んだ。)
“He went about town looking for a job.”
(彼は仕事を探して町を動き回った。)
Go ahead
先に進む、または許可を与えることを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: proceed, allow。
“They went ahead with the plan.”
(彼らは計画を進めた。)
“Go ahead and take the last slice.”
(どうぞ、最後の一切れを取って。)
“She went ahead despite the warnings.”
(彼女は警告にもかかわらず進んだ。)
Go under
沈む、または倒産することを意味する。目的語を取らない。同義語: sink, fail。
“The boat went under in minutes.”
(ボートは数分で沈んだ。)
“The company went under after the crash.”
(その会社は不況後に倒産した。)
“He nearly went under during the storm.”
(彼は嵐の中で危うく沈みそうになった。)
④ 3語の句動詞 (Three-Word Phrasal Verbs)
動詞＋副詞＋前置詞。
Go along with
同意する、または一緒に進むことを意味する。動詞＋副詞＋前置詞。同義語: agree with, accompany。
“She went along with his plan reluctantly.”
(彼女は彼の計画に渋々同意した。)
“I’ll go along with you to the store.”
(お店まで一緒に付き合うよ。)
“They went along with the majority vote.”
(彼らは多数決に従った。)
Go back on
約束を破る、または撤回することを意味する。動詞＋副詞＋前置詞。同義語: break, retract。
“He went back on his promise to help.”
(彼は助けるという約束を破った。)
“She won’t go back on her word.”
(彼女は言葉を撤回しないよ。)
“They went back on the deal at the last minute.”
(彼らは最後の瞬間に取引を撤回した。)
Go out with
誰かと交際する、または一緒に出かけることを意味する。動詞＋副詞＋前置詞。同義語: date, accompany。
“She’s been going out with him for a year.”
(彼女は彼と1年間付き合っている。)
“We went out with friends last night.”
(昨夜、友達と一緒に出かけた。)
“He asked her to go out with him.”
(彼は彼女にデートを申し込んだ。)
Go down with
病気にかかる、または一緒に沈むことを意味する。動詞＋副詞＋前置詞。同義語: catch, sink with。
“He went down with a bad cold.”
(彼はひどい風邪にかかった。)
“The crew went down with the ship.”
(乗組員は船と一緒に沈んだ。)
“She went down with the flu yesterday.”
(彼女は昨日インフルエンザにかかった。)
例文のみ
Go over
“She went over the report before the meeting.”
“We need to go over these numbers again.”
“He went over the speed limit by accident.”
“They went over the plan with the team.”
“The kids went over the fence to get the ball.”
Go through
“She went through a tough breakup last year.”
“He went through the documents carefully.”
“We went through all the snacks in an hour.”
“They went through the procedure step by step.”
“The proposal went through many revisions.”
Go off
“The bomb went off in the distance.”
“The alarm went off at 6 a.m.”
“The milk went off after a week.”
“She went off the lights before leaving.”
“He went off the project after losing interest.”
Go out
“We went out for dinner last night.”
“The fire went out after an hour.”
“They’ve been going out for six months.”
“She went out the stain with some soap.”
“He went out the old rules to start fresh.”
Go after
“She went after her dream job.”
“He went after the thief down the street.”
“They went after the rival team with full force.”
Go against
“He went against his parents’ advice.”
“This decision goes against our values.”
“Luck went against them in the game.”
Go by
“Time goes by so quickly these days.”
“She goes by her instincts in tough situations.”
“We went by the rules they set.”
Go with
“This shirt goes with those pants.”
“I’ll go with you to the party.”
“She went with his suggestion in the end.”
Go without
“We went without food for a whole day.”
“He can’t go without his morning coffee.”
“They went without help during the crisis.”
Go up
“Prices went up after the new year.”
“The balloon went up into the sky.”
“She went up to the stage nervously.”
Go down
“The temperature went down overnight.”
“The ship went down in the storm.”
“His reputation went down after the scandal.”
Go on
“She went on talking despite the interruption.”
“What’s going on over there?”
“He went on to win the championship.”
“The show must go on no matter what.”
“They went on until midnight.”
Go back
“We went back home after the party.”
“This tradition goes back centuries.”
“She went back to sleep after the call.”
Go away
“He went away for the weekend.”
“The pain went away after a while.”
“They told the dog to go away.”
Go around
“We went around the park this morning.”
“Rumors are going around about the new boss.”
“There’s enough food to go around.”
Go about
“How do you go about fixing this?”
“She went about her work quietly.”
“He went about town looking for a job.”
Go ahead
“They went ahead with the plan.”
“Go ahead and take the last slice.”
“She went ahead despite the warnings.”
Go under
“The boat went under in minutes.”
“The company went under after the crash.”
“He nearly went under during the storm.”
Go along with
“She went along with his plan reluctantly.”
“I’ll go along with you to the store.”
“They went along with the majority vote.”
Go back on
“He went back on his promise to help.”
“She won’t go back on her word.”
“They went back on the deal at the last minute.”
Go out with
“She’s been going out with him for a year.”
“We went out with friends last night.”
“He asked her to go out with him.”
Go down with
“He went down with a bad cold.”
“The crew went down with the ship.”
“She went down with the flu yesterday.”
